Introduction
Have you ever wondered how your furry friends’ bodies work internally? Well, they have an endocrine system, just like us humans. The endocrine system in our beloved dogs and cats is responsible for regulating various bodily functions, such as metabolism, hair growth, digestion, and reproduction. Unfortunately, just like us, they can also suffer from various endocrine diseases that can disrupt their overall health and well-being.
In this two-part article, we will explore the most common endocrine diseases that affect our furry companions, including diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Cushing’s disease, and Addison’s disease. So let’s dive in and learn more about these diseases and how they can be treated using alternative approaches.
Hypothyroidism – Most Common in Dogs
Hypothyroidism, characterized by an underactive thyroid gland, is the most common hormone imbalance found in dogs. However, it is rare in cats. When the thyroid gland fails to function properly, it can lead to a slowed-down metabolism, lethargy, and obesity in dogs. Hair loss, dry and brittle hair, and frequent skin and ear infections are also common symptoms. Some dogs may even experience behavioral changes like anxiety, depression, aggression, or seizures.
The primary cause of hypothyroidism in dogs is autoimmune thyroiditis, where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland. Aging can also contribute to decreased production of thyroid hormones. Large breeds, such as Dobermans, Labradors, and greyhounds, are more commonly affected by this condition.
Treatment
Treating hypothyroidism in dogs involves various approaches, including:
- Supplemental synthetic thyroid hormone (levothyroxine) administered twice daily
- Healthy, minimally processed, species-appropriate whole food diet with more protein and fewer carbohydrates
- Decreased or stopped vaccines
- Vitamin D, found in cod liver oil, sardines, eggs, kefir, and beef liver, to support the immune system
- Kelp, a source of iodine, required for thyroid function
- Omega-3 fatty acids to promote overall health
- Herbal thyroid supplements containing licorice root, rehmannia, and ashwagandha
- Vitamin A, ester-C, and vitamin E to support endocrine function
- Close monitoring of thyroid hormone levels in collaboration with your veterinarian
Remember, proper veterinary guidance is essential when treating hypothyroidism in dogs to ensure the right dosage and avoid potential complications.
Hyperthyroidism – A Disease of Cats
Hyperthyroidism, characterized by an overactive thyroid gland, is primarily a disease found in cats. In rare cases, dogs can develop hyperthyroidism due to malignant functional thyroid tumors or diets containing thyroid glands. Cats, on the other hand, typically develop benign adenomas of the thyroid gland, with only a small percentage having malignant tumors.
Common symptoms of hyperthyroidism in cats include hyperactivity, increased thirst and urination, vomiting, diarrhea, increased appetite with weight loss, excessive vocalization, racing heart rate, high blood pressure, and an enlarged thyroid gland.
Treatment
When it comes to treating hyperthyroidism in cats, holistic approaches are often recommended:
- High quality, high moisture diet, such as frozen raw, home-cooked, or rehydrated freeze-dried raw food
- Yin tonifying (cooling) meats like rabbit, duck, grass-fed beef, liver, and clams
- Liver support with milk thistle or SAM-e
- Foods rich in vitamin A like carrots, kale, spinach, and barley grass
- Supplements like L-carnitine and taurine for cardiac support
- Herbs like bugleweed and hawthorn to balance thyroid function and lower blood pressure
- Acupuncture to support the immune system and overall health
- Avoidance of vaccines
Hyperadrenocorticism – Better Known as Cushing’s Disease
Hyperadrenocorticism, commonly known as Cushing’s disease, mainly affects dogs and rarely occurs in cats. Dogs with Cushing’s disease may experience increased thirst and urination, excessive panting, hair loss, muscle weakness, a pot belly, liver enlargement, and chronic skin or urinary tract infections. This disease is caused by hormones released from the adrenal gland, including cortisol, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone. It can be triggered by tumors in the adrenal or pituitary glands or over-administration of steroids.
Most dogs with Cushing’s disease also have high blood pressure, which should be closely monitored and treated. Elevated calcium levels can also lead to the formation of bladder and kidney stones. Pancreatitis is another common complication.
Treatment
Treating Cushing’s disease in dogs involves a comprehensive approach:
- Melatonin supplementation to regulate cortisol levels
- Flax seed lignans or HMR lignans for hormonal balance
- Glandular products containing ground adrenal, pancreas, and thymus glands
- Antioxidant vitamins like A, C, and E
- CoQ10 as an antioxidant
- Chinese herbal formulas prescribed by a holistic veterinarian
- Acupuncture to lower blood pressure and increase energy
- Hawthorn berry to lower blood pressure
- Liver support with milk thistle or SAMe
- Healthy, high-quality diet with minimal or no carbohydrates and plenty of leafy green vegetables
- Avoidance of vaccines and minimal stress
Feline Hyperthyroidism – Is PBDE a Culprit?
The causes of hyperthyroidism in cats are still not completely understood. Certain chemicals like PBDE (polybrominated diphenyl ether), a flame retardant, and BPA (bisphenol-A), used in some pet food can linings, have been associated with this condition. However, the link between BPA and hyperthyroidism is not conclusive. PBDE, found in ocean fish due to pollution, might be the true culprit. The amount of iodine in cat foods and the addition of soy can also influence thyroid function in cats.
Be Sure to Work With a Veterinarian
If you suspect that your dog or cat has one of the endocrine disorders discussed in this article, it is crucial to seek professional help from a holistic or integrative veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and treatment. Never give your pet any new supplement or remedy without consulting your vet.
Remember, your furry companion’s health is a top priority, and with the right care and guidance, they can lead happy and healthy lives.